ACTIVE
AND PASSIVE SENTENCE, RELATIVE CLAUSES, AND CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
HENDRI SIREGAR
24213025
3EB22
UNIVERSITAS
GUNADARMA
2016
1. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
a. Active Sentences
Active
sentence is a sentence in which the subject perform or carry out the work. Active
sentence also called the sentence acts or subject line. So in the active
sentence becomes the subject element doer of the deed and the elements of the
predicate expressed deeds.
Examples :
· Brother
bought the book.
· Dad
eat rice.
· Ani
water the flowers.
· Dad
bought me a bicycle.
· John
ruin his book Andi.
b. Passive Sentences
The
passive voice sentence in which the subject is subjected to the job. The
passive voice is also called the response sentence or a sentence of objects. So
in passive elements of the subject suffering from the actions mentioned in the
elements of the predicate.
Examples
:
· The
book has been read by the sister.
· The
magazine I was reading yesterday.
· Plants
watered by the mother.
· Sister
bought a watch by father.
· My
clothes are washed by the mother.
2.Relative
Clauses
Definition
A relative
clause is a kind of subordinate
clause that contains an element whose interpretation is
provided by an antecedent on
which the subordinate clause is grammaticallydependent;
that is, there is an anaphoric relation
between the relativized element in the relative clause, and the antecedent on
which it depends.
Typically, a relative clause modifies a noun or noun
phrase and uses some grammatical device to
indicate that one of the arguments within the relative clause has the same
referent as that noun or noun phrase.
v
A relative clause—also called
an adjective oradjectival clause—will meet three requirements :
·
Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose,that,
or which] or a relative adverb[when, where,
or why].
·
Finally, it will function as an adjective,
answering the questions What kind?How many? or Which one?
v
Adjective Clause can be classified into two
types, that is :
1. Relative
Pronoun (Kata Ganti Orang)
Conjunctive use is : Who, Whom, Whose, That
a) Who
Used
for humans in subject position
Examples
:
·
Hans, who is an architect, lives in
Berlin
·
He paid the money to the man who / that
had done the work
b) Whom
Used
for humans in object position
Examples
:
·
Marike, whom Hans knows well, is an
interior decorator.
·
He paid the man whom/that he had
hired.
·
He paid the man from whom he had
borrowed the money.
c) Whose
Used
for humans, animalsi or objects to give information about their
Examples
:
·
The girl whose dress is red is my best
friend.
·
This is the girl whose picture you
saw.
2. Relative
Pronoun (Kata Ganti Benda, Binatang)
Conjunction is : Which, that
a) That
Used
for humans, animals and things, in subject or object position (Subjek) but see
below:
Examples:
·
Marike is decorating a house that Hans
designed.
·
Here is a book that describes
animals.
b) Which
Used
for things and animals in subject or object position
Examples
:
·
Marike has a dog which follows
her everywhere.
·
The chair which he broke is
being repaired.
·
She was wearing the coat for which she
had paid $2,00.
v
The relative clause will follow one of these
two patterns:
Relative Pronoun or
Adverb+ Subject + Verb
Relative Pronoun as Subject+ Verb
Here are some examples :
1. Which
Francine did not accept
Which = relative pronoun;Francine =
subject; did accept = verb [not, an adverb, is not officially part of
the verb].
2. Where
George foundAmazing Spider-Man #96 in fair condition
Where = relative adverb; George=
subject; found = verb.
3. That
dangled from the one clean bathroom towel
That = relative pronoun functioning as
subject; dangled = verb.
4. Who
played video games until his eyes were blurry with fatigue
Who = relative pronoun functioning as
subject; played = verb.
3. Conditional Sentences
Definition
Conditional Sentences
are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express
that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a
certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled.
There are three types
of Conditional Sentences
1. Conditional Sentence Type 1 (It is
possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.)
Conditional Sentences
Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a
certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the
condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather
realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.
Form :
if + Simple Present, will-Future
Example:
• If I find her address, I’ll send her
an invitation.
• If I have enough money, I will go to
Japan.
• If I don’t see him this afternoon, I
will phone him in the evening.
• If John has the money, he will buy a
Ferrari.
• If my car is sold, I will give you
money.
2. Conditional Sentence Type 2 (It is
possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.)
Conditional Sentences
Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the
present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to
change, however. I just imagine „what would happen if …“
Form :
if + Simple Past,
Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example:
• If I found her address, I would send
her an invitation.
• If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t
stay here.
• If I were you, I would not do this.
• If John had the money, he would buy a
Ferrari
• If I had enough money, I would go to
Japan.
3. Conditional Sentence Type 3 (It is
impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.)
Conditional Sentences
Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the
past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then,
however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been
fulfilled.
Form:
if + Past Perfect,
Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)
Example:
• If I had found her address, I would
have sent her an invitation.
• If I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have
passed my exams.
• If John had had the money, he would
have bought a Ferrari.
• If I had knew that your name is
Salimah, I would not have gone to your wedding party
• If I had had enough money, I would have
gone to Japan.
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